The values of K - I for the elements belonging to the same family are connected by a remarkably simple and interesting relation, which was discovered by Mr. The more rigidly the electrons are connected to the positive charge, the smaller will be this moment and the smaller the specific inductive capacity of the gas. On the more probable hypothesis that the atoms and molecules consist of electrons arranged in equilibrium round centres of positive electricity, the electric force will displace the electrons relatively to the positive centres and thus cause the molecule to have a finite electrical moment. Thus, on this hypothesis we can find the radius of the molecule, if we know the value of K, and though the hypothesis itself does not throw much light on the structure of the atom, it is probable that the radius of a conducting sphere which would produce the same electrical moment would be of the same order of magnitude as the linear dimensions of the molecule: the radii of metallic spheres which would give the specific inductive capacities possessed by hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine, are respectively 1.19 X 10-8, 1.60 X i 08, 1.48 X 10 -8, 2 04 X i 08 centimetres. For example, if we regard the molecules as solid conducting spheres, M = r 3 where r is the radius of the sphere. As we know N, we can if we know the value of K deduce the value of M, and this will tell us a good deal about the shape and size of the molecule. The significance of this property is best illustrated from the relation K-1/47r= NM, between the specific inductive capacity K, N the number of molecules per unit volume, and M the electrostatic moment which a molecule acquires under unit electric force. The most important electrical property of a gas in a normal state is its specific inductive capacity. This residual conductivity is, however, so small that we may here leave it out of account. Radioactive radiations are so wide-spread and so difficult to eliminate that it has not been found possible to obtain gases which do not show traces of conductivity under tests as delicate as some of those now at our command. On the other hand, when it is exposed to such influences as Röntgen rays, intense electrical forces or the radiation from radioactive substances, it becomes a conductor of electricity. The electrical properties of gases vary greatly with the conditions to which the gas is exposed.Ī gas in its normal condition is a non-conductor of electricity even though it is the vapour of a good conductor like mercury. " ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES 6.864 for Electric Conduction Through Gases).
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